The treasures of Tutankhamun’s tomb have fascinated historians and archaeologists since their discovery, offering a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle and religious significance of ancient Egyptian royalty. Among these treasures is the Ceremonial Throne of Tutankhamun, an exquisite piece of furniture that exemplifies the craftsmanship and symbolic artistry of the New Kingdom period. This throne, with its intricate design and lavish decoration, provides valuable insights into the ceremonial practices and aesthetic preferences of Tutankhamun’s reign.
Design and Craftsmanship
The high, curved back of the Ceremonial Throne is intricately designed to fit a stool with crossed legs, which are carved to represent the necks and heads of ducks. This unique feature not only adds to the throne’s visual appeal but also demonstrates the artisans’ skill in blending functionality with artistic representation. The deeply curved seat, intended to hold a cushion, is inlaid with ebony and ivory, mimicking the appearance of a spotted animal skin. This detail highlights the luxurious materials used and the attention to comfort and aesthetics.
The Glorious Backrest
The back of the throne is where its true splendor lies. Crafted from wood and covered with gold foil, it is inlaid with semi-precious stones and colored glass. The upper part of the backrest features the vulture goddess, her wings spread wide to protect the king’s names. This divine imagery suggests that the throne was created early in Tutankhamun’s reign, as indicated by the use of his original name, Tutankhaten, in the royal cartouche. The depiction of the vulture goddess underscores the protective and sacred role attributed to the throne.
Symbolism and Usage
Often referred to as ‘Tutankhamun’s Ecclesiastical Throne’ due to its association with the bishop’s seats of medieval Europe, this throne was likely used by the king during hunting expeditions. This inference is drawn from the decorative elements on the seat, which reflect themes of power and protection. The back of the chair is adorned with a frieze of cobras, or uraeus, each crowned with a sun disk. This motif is interrupted by the “Aten” disk, beneath which are divine cartouches, indicating a strong Amarna influence.
Amarna Influence and Religious Transition
The presence of Amarna motifs on the throne suggests that it dates from a transitional period between the worship of Aten and the Amun revolution. Below the cobra frieze, the vulture goddess Nekhbet spreads her wings, holding the Shen sign and a fan, further emphasizing the throne’s protective symbolism. This blend of religious iconography reflects the complex and evolving religious landscape during Tutankhamun’s reign.
Historical Context
The Ceremonial Throne of Tutankhamun dates back to the late 18th Dynasty, during the reign of Tutankhamun (circa 1332-1323 BC). Discovered in the Tomb of Tutankhamun (KV62) in the Valley of the Kings, West Thebes, this magnificent artifact is now housed in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, catalogued as JE 62030. The throne remains a testament to the artistic and cultural achievements of ancient Egypt, as well as a symbol of the young king’s short but significant reign.
Conclusion
The Ceremonial Throne of Tutankhamun is more than just a piece of furniture; it is a symbol of royal authority, religious significance, and artistic excellence. Its intricate design and rich decoration offer a window into the ceremonial practices and aesthetic values of the New Kingdom period. As part of Tutankhamun’s tomb treasures, the throne continues to captivate and inspire, revealing the enduring legacy of one of ancient Egypt’s most famous pharaohs.
