London is a city steeped in history, with every street and corner holding secrets of the past. Beneath the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, archaeologists from Archaeology South-East have unearthed a significant discovery that expands our understanding of Saxon London. These findings suggest that the ancient urban center of Lundenwic extended further west than previously thought, offering a fascinating glimpse into a thriving community from over a millennium ago.
The Ambitious Excavation Project
The groundbreaking excavations were conducted as part of the Jubilee Walk redevelopment project, which aimed to enhance the area around the National Gallery. The project, tied to the gallery’s “NG200: Welcome” initiative, sought to create an underground link between the Sainsbury Wing and the Wilkins Building while improving the public realm. The site, historically significant since the reign of King Richard II, has served various purposes over the centuries, including being a Royal Mews and residential housing.
Led by a team of archaeologists, the excavation revealed the first tangible evidence of Lundenwic’s settlement westward. This discovery not only sheds light on Saxon London’s urban sprawl but also uncovers layers of history predating the modern cityscape.
The Astonishing Discoveries
The archaeological team uncovered a range of artifacts and features that paint a vivid picture of the Saxon community in Lundenwic. Among the key findings were:
- Hearths and postholes: These suggest the presence of dwellings and community activity, with carbon dating placing their origins between 659 and 774 CE.
- Stakeholes, pits, and ditches: Evidence of infrastructure that supported a growing settlement.
- Post-medieval walls: Constructed above the Saxon layers, these walls reflect centuries of redevelopment at the site.
These findings highlight the extensive and layered history of the area, where successive generations built upon the remnants of the past. Previous digs in the vicinity had hinted at Anglo-Saxon activity, but these new discoveries provide concrete proof of a flourishing settlement.
A Thriving Community in the Heart of Lundenwic
The discovery challenges earlier assumptions about the boundaries of Lundenwic. Previously believed to be concentrated along the Strand and Covent Garden areas, the new evidence suggests that the settlement extended significantly westward. This finding indicates a larger and more dynamic urban center than historians had imagined.
The hearth and associated artifacts point to domestic and communal activities, suggesting a well-established settlement. Meanwhile, the presence of pits and ditches indicates that the Saxons implemented essential infrastructure, supporting a growing population. The thriving community was not isolated but part of a broader Anglo-Saxon network that connected Lundenwic to other settlements and trading hubs across England and beyond.
Layers of History Beneath Trafalgar Square
One of the most remarkable aspects of this excavation is the stratigraphy—the layered evidence of different historical periods stacked atop one another. The Saxon settlement is the earliest layer, with its remnants buried beneath post-medieval walls and later constructions. These layers reflect the evolving use of the site, from a bustling Saxon settlement to a modern urban center.
Stephen White, who led the Jubilee Walk excavations, emphasized the significance of the findings, saying: “Excavating at the National Gallery was an incredible opportunity to investigate interesting archaeology and to be involved with some truly outstanding outreach.” This stratigraphic record offers invaluable insights into how London transformed over the centuries.
Engaging the Community in London’s History
The discovery of Lundenwic’s western expansion is not just a triumph for archaeologists but also an opportunity for community engagement. Stephen White and Sarah Younger, Director of the NG200 Welcome Project, highlighted the importance of sharing these findings with the public, especially young people. By connecting modern Londoners with their city’s ancient roots, these initiatives aim to foster a deeper appreciation of London’s rich heritage.
Younger remarked, “It’s an honor to be part of such a significant discovery, and we’re committed to preserving and interpreting London’s history for future generations.” This commitment underscores the National Gallery’s role as not only a cultural hub but also a steward of London’s historical legacy.
Rewriting the History of Saxon London
The excavations beneath the National Gallery offer a new perspective on Saxon London. The discovery that Lundenwic extended further west than previously believed reshapes our understanding of the settlement’s size and significance. This new evidence challenges earlier assumptions and invites further exploration into the lives of the people who inhabited this ancient urban center.
The findings also highlight the enduring importance of archaeological work in uncovering hidden stories. With every layer unearthed, archaeologists piece together the narrative of London’s evolution from a Saxon settlement to a global metropolis. These discoveries remind us that history is not static but a constantly evolving tapestry, waiting to be revealed.
Conclusion: A Window Into the Past
The discoveries at Lundenwic serve as a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of its inhabitants. From the carefully constructed hearths to the intricate network of pits and ditches, the settlement reflects a thriving community that laid the foundations for modern London. The layers of history uncovered beneath Trafalgar Square remind us of the deep connections between past and present.
As archaeologists continue to explore Lundenwic’s mysteries, these findings will undoubtedly inspire further research and community engagement. London’s history is far from complete, and each new discovery brings us closer to understanding the vibrant, diverse, and enduring legacy of this remarkable city.
