Nestled in the picturesque Lower Austria, Burg Kreuzenstein stands as a testament to both historical intrigue and architectural innovation. Perched 265 meters above sea level, this remarkable castle is not only a relic of medieval history but also a creation of the 19th century, blending ancient and modern influences in its design. With its rich history, unique construction, and current status as a popular tourist destination, Burg Kreuzenstein offers a captivating glimpse into both past and present.
Location and Scenic Views
Burg Kreuzenstein is strategically located just north of Vienna and the Danube River, commanding a prominent position above the village of Leobendorf. Situated on a rise above Rohrwald, the castle’s elevation of 266 meters provides stunning views of the Danube’s current course and the Korneuburger Becken, a significant sedimentary basin. Across the river, on the south bank, stands Burg Greifenstein, adding to the castle’s enchanting surroundings.
Historical Origins and Medieval Significance
The origins of Burg Kreuzenstein trace back to the 12th century, originally constructed by the Counts of Formbach, now known as Vornbach in Bavaria. The castle later passed through various hands, including the Counts of Wasserburg and, eventually, the Habsburgs in 1278 through the influence of Ottokar II of Bohemia.
One notable historical event at Kreuzenstein occurred in July 1527 when the Anabaptist preacher Balthasar Hubmaier was imprisoned and interrogated here before his execution in Vienna. The castle remained unconquered until the Thirty Years’ War, when it fell to Swedish Field Marshal Lennart Torstensson, who, before leaving in 1645, destroyed much of the structure.
Reconstruction and Neo-Medieval Design
In the 18th century, the castle came into the possession of the wealthy Counts of Wilczek, who were known for their extensive coal mines in Silesia. Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek, renowned as a polar explorer, embarked on a grand reconstruction project in 1874. Unlike traditional restoration, Wilczek’s vision was to create a neo-medieval structure that incorporated elements from various historical sites across Europe.
Under the guidance of architect Carl Gangolf Kayser, the castle was rebuilt using both the original medieval masonry and newly acquired components. After Kayser’s death in 1895, the project continued under Ritter Humbert Walcher of Molthein and artist Egon Rheinberger. The castle was completed in 1906, with its grand reopening attended by Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Modern Day and Cultural Significance
Today, Burg Kreuzenstein is a cherished destination for history enthusiasts and tourists. Despite some damage during World War II, including the theft of manuscripts and destruction of certain rooms, the castle has been preserved and remains a vibrant cultural site.
Visitors can explore the castle’s medieval furnishings and historical artifacts, including one of the oldest surviving medieval catapults. Seasonal events such as the falconry show, Adlerwarte Kreuzenstein, and the medieval-themed Burgtaverne Kreuzenstein restaurant enhance the castle’s allure. Although the annual Burgserenade concert has been discontinued, the castle continues to captivate with its unique blend of historical authenticity and neo-medieval charm.
Conclusion
Burg Kreuzenstein is more than just a castle; it is a living piece of history that bridges the gap between medieval grandeur and 19th-century innovation. From its origins as a medieval fortress to its transformation into a neo-medieval masterpiece, Kreuzenstein offers an unparalleled experience for those interested in history, architecture, and culture. Whether exploring its storied past or enjoying its modern amenities, visitors to Burg Kreuzenstein are sure to be enchanted by its timeless appeal.
