Nestled on the west coast of Kythira in the serene Kokala Bay, the cave of Saint Sophia is a remarkable natural wonder that has captivated visitors for centuries. It is one of three caves on the island sharing the same name, with the other two located in Agia Pelagia and Kalamos. Local legends even suggest that these caves are interconnected through mysterious subterranean passages. The cave of Agia Sophia Mylopotamos holds the distinction of being the first cave in Greece to be scientifically studied in 1930 by the esteemed Patriarch of Greek Speleology, Ioannis Petrohilos, and his wife Anna, who hailed from Kythira.
A Sanctuary of Faith
From as early as the 13th century, the Kytherians transformed the cave’s antechamber into a sacred place of worship. The walls of this chamber are adorned with exquisite hagiographies, depicting full-body images of saints. By the 17th century, travelers from afar documented their awe at the dark, cavernous depths of the cave. The cave also bears engravings with names and dates, a testament to the many who sought refuge within its walls, including English travelers in 1810 and Kytherians during times of occupation. Among the depicted figures are Saint Sophia and her three daughters, Love, Faith, and Hope. These frescoes, preserved in excellent condition, owe their longevity to the cave’s consistent temperature, humidity, and lack of light.
A Place of Healing and Worship
Within the cave, visitors encounter a chapel built in 1875. A short distance away, a hollow space collects water dripping from the roof, traditionally used to cure children with health problems. This unique feature contributed to the cave’s naming after Saint Sophia, although another legend attributes the name to the dedication of the three homonymous caves on the island to God’s wisdom.
Myths and Legends
The cave of Saint Sophia is steeped in mythology and local folklore. One enchanting tale recounts how Paris and Helen of Troy, fleeing from Ancient Sparta, found refuge in this very cave. It is said that they celebrated their wedding in the cave’s vestibule, a modest ceremony intended to legitimize their union. Another local tradition suggests that Helen of Troy established the first foundling nursery within the cave, providing care for abandoned infants. Additionally, tales of pirate Barbarossa hiding his treasures in the cave add to its mystique.
A Natural Wonder
The cave’s interior is a visual feast for visitors. Its polymorphic, dappled decoration is highlighted by magnificent lithospheric formations with striking color variations of black, white, and red, a result of the area’s unique geological composition. The spacious halls, with heights reaching up to seven meters in some places, ensure that visitors do not experience discomfort due to inadequate ventilation.
Home to Rare Species
Beyond its historical and mythical significance, the cave of Saint Sophia is also a biological treasure trove. It hosts a rare endemic species, Kythironiscus Paragamiani, named after biologist Kalust Paragamian, a member of the Hellenic Speleological Society. This unique species adds to the cave’s allure and underscores its importance as a natural habitat.
Conclusion
The cave of Saint Sophia in Kythira is a remarkable destination that offers a blend of natural beauty, historical intrigue, and mythical allure. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or a curious traveler, this ancient cave promises a captivating journey through time and legend. Visiting the cave is not just an exploration of a physical space, but a dive into the rich tapestry of stories and secrets that have shaped the island of Kythira for millennia.
